The revolt of Israel congregation against Aaron and Moises Essay

The pericope that I choose for this reflection paper is Numbers 171-13. This pericope is the last in the series of ternion narratives about the revolt of Israel congregation against the high priest position of Aaron and the leadership of Moses. The first revolt came from Korah. Korah was a member of the tribe of Levi, the same tribe of Aaron (Exodus 616-20). Korahs rebellion is not merely a personal attack on Aaron but also on his appointed-by-God priesthood. The second revolt led by Dathan and Abiram and the 250 other lay leaders defied and rejected the leadership of Moses. These revolted leaders have a very democratic argument, which is the pull up stakes of the people must have higher(prenominal) authority than the leadership appointed by God. God answers by kill all the leaders and the followers of these two revolted parties. All those events establish the con textbook for the text in Numbers 171-13. In this pericope, God instructs Moses to set up one final test in order to sho w His approval for Aarons prietshood. This final test is intended to put an end to the peoples questioning and challenging of the authority of both Aaron and Moses. In this final test, Moses is instructed to take a staff from each tribal leader. The name of each leader is written on his staff. Aarons name is inscribed on the staff represents for the Levi tribe. Moses puts all these staves in the Tent of Meeting before the Lord. The next morning, Moses comes to the Tent and the staff of Aaron is sprouted, budded, blossomed and produced ripe almonds. There is something interesting in the way the text describes the staff of Aaron. The text does not simply say the staff of Aaron reaches the final stage of the production cycle and has ripe almond fruit on it. The text lists in det... ...ope that Jesus will come back in the same way He was lifted into heaven (Acts 111). The message of this pericope for Christian today is very clear that is honour your spiritual leaders even when they fa ll short of fulfilling their callings. God gives salvation universally available for all, but God elects some to save and among whom He saves, He calls a few to lead. There are always failures and corruptions waiting to happen in the ministries of whom God calls to lead, that is inevitable. God wants Christian to honor their spiritual leaders not because who they are but because what they do. A true spiritual leader does two main things preach the Word of God (Hebrews 137) and care for the souls of other Christians (Hebrews 1317). As long as a spiritual leader commits to do these two things, the church as the Gods people ought to submit to his leadership.

History Of Cell Membrane :: essays research papers

In the early stages of the twentieth century, little was known about cell membranes. Until the early 1950s, the biological cell membrane was rarely mentioned in scientific literature. It was recognised that aboutthing was probably there, but hardly anything about it was known. Considering the lack of technical equipment available a century ago, scientists such as Charles Overton and Edwin Gorter were not only exploring new territory in looking at the properties of cell membranes, but laying the way for future cell biologists. Scientists had to wait another litre years for the discovery of the electron microscope, let alone seventy years for the advent of freeze fracturing techniques.Nageli and Cramer in 1855 had already suggested that biological cells are separated from their milieu by a membrane possessing special characteristics, and in 1900 Overton performed some simple but classical experiments which proposed that cell membranes were composed of lipides (1). By measuring the permeability of motley compounds across the membrane of a frog muscle, Overton found some interesting results. He observed that lipophilic molecules (molecules attracted to fat solvents) could easily cross this cell membrane, totally the same larger lipid insoluble molecules could not. He also observed that small polar molecules could slowly cross the membrane. Other experiments with the likes of hen eggs suggested the presence of a lipid layer in the membrane. These results became known to biologists across the world and it was generally accepted that a semi-permeable lipid membrane surrounded some if not all cells (2).Although this was opening new doors for cell biologists, the information was widely disregarded. One hundred years ago biological fact was based on what could be seen and since the proposed lipid membrane was smaller than the wavelength of visible light it could not be studied under the light microscope. Most biologists merely concerned themselves with more eviden t structures. However, some scientists continued to dedicate their time to examining this &8216invisible&8217 structure.Two such biologists were the Dutch Edwin Gorter and F. Grendel. They recognised in 1925 that two such lipid layers existed.

Clockwork Orange And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction Essay -- essay

Clockwork Orange and the Age of Mechanical Re issue      For Walter asa dulcis, the defining characteristic of modernity was lot assembly and production of commodities, concomitant with this transformation of production is the destruction of tradition and the mode of experience which depends upon that tradition. While the destruction of tradition means the destruction of authenticity, of the origin everyy, in that it also collapses the distance between artistry and the pot it makes possible the liberation which capitalism both obscures and opposes. While commodity fetishism represents the alienation away from use-value and towards exchange-value, leading to the assembly line construction of the same--as we see unrelentingly analyzed by Horkheimer and Adorno in their essay The Culture Industry. Benjamin believes that with the destruction of tradition, laboratory potentialities are nonetheless created. The process of the destruction of aura through mass reprod uction brings about the "destruction of traditional modes of experience through shock," in response new forms of experience are created which attempt to cope with that shock. "Even the intimately perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking one element its presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be. This unique existence of the work of art determined the history to which it was subject throughout the time of its existence. The authenticity of a thing is the essence of all that is transmissible from its beginning" when substantive duration ceases to matter, he says, the authority of the object is threatened. (Think, for example of Alexs response to high art...) "technology has subjected the human sensorium to a complex mental of training. at that place came a day when a new and urgent need for stimuli was met by the film. In a film, perception in the form of shocks was established as a formal principle. That which d etermines the rhythm of production on a conveyor belt is the basis of the rhythm of reception in a film." (Motifs in Baudelaire) Benjamin distinguishes between two kinds of experience Erfahrung something integrated as experience, and Erlebnis, something merely lived through. Erlebnis characterizes the modern age and refers to the inability to integrate oneself and the world via experience. Erlebnis, then, ... ...lus (a "very important piece of art," ritualized and de-politicized) is do into a weapon, and the scene of her death is a nearly subliminal orgy of modern-art. Whereas she, as with the use of all high-art among the Bourgeoisie, finds only exchange value in the genus Phallus, phallus as pure sign, Alex initiates the violent reversal of that commodification. He turns it into a tool, here a tool of violence what she has done is to inject exhibition value into forms of art which have only exchange value, the work of art in the hands of the Bourgeoisie is reinjecte d with a type of aura, which only lead it further in the room of losing control (like the reinjection of aura in the robot --Marias aura--in Metropolis). Control is lost and the phallus becomes a weapon, a violent recontextualization by Alex. He proves to understand well this process. There are also similarities here with the States control of his mind through conditioning. The state attempts to gain control by turning Alex into a robot (a clockwork orange), thus commodifying him (isnt this the argue at the end for control of Alex--the liberals and state?). His use-value is a function of his exchange-value.

Fosters Accounting Assignment :: essays research papers

I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.Founded in 1888, cherishs group is the result of a long history of amalgamations. Nowadays, regarded as a premium global multi-beverages company, Fosters group possesses three main operating arms Beringer Blass Wine Estate, Carlton and United Beverages, Fosters create from raw material International. The group delivers premium branded beers, wine spirits and entertainment products. With US$5.2 billion in total operating revenue, Fosters groups operates in Australia, New Zealand, China, California, Italy, Chile, Vietnam, India and Fiji. Besides, its products are sold in over 150 countries around the world.The report has analyzed the financial performance and financial stability of Fosters Group over a three years period that is from 2002 to 2004 included.The Ratio Analysis technique was used to conduct the report. Therefore, comparison with industry averages and coca plant dummy Amatil supplemented the analysis to complement the results.In 2002, it was found th at profitability had cast upd significantly compared to 2001, this was mainly due to Fosters group policy in expending its distribution and sales worldwide and Forsters European partnership which increased its income.However, 2003 showed smaller profitability than 2002 mainly due to a non profitable contrasted exchange rate, tough competition in California, adverse trading conditions in the US and the impact of global events restricting travels, tourism and leisure activities (Swan, 2003 5). Fosters group did however generate greater amount of operating cash flows, and made a considerable amount of acquisitions.In 2004, Profitability ratios did however increase but that was due to the selling off of ALH (Australia Leisure Hospitality) that generated $1.5 billion, Excluding the impact of significant items, net profit after tax was $469.4 million, a decrease of 17.4% over the preceding(prenominal) years result (Fosters Audit, 200461).On the three year basis, when compared to the in dustry averages, the stability ratios are actually lower, but when they are compared to Coca Cola Amatil the ratios are actually similar and even a bit higher. Due to the accumulation of consistent profits over the years, both companies do not demand as much financial leverage as other companies would, which reflects the stability of the company. In fact, those companies rely more on equity than debt to generate their assets.Overall, Fosters group is a relatively stable and performing enterprise. The results show that Fosters performance and stability have moved in accordance to out of doors world events. However, the company continues to maintain its position as a leading group in the beverages industry.II.QUALITY, SCOPE, USEFULNESS,FORMAT AND READABILITY OF THE MOST RECENT ANNUAL REPORT.

The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Origination of Punk RockThe time was in the mid-seventies, in that respect was a void in the practice of medicine application that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by cheap throw off, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly jolt and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and its ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listeners cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the produce of punk rock today.The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, both(prenominal) read it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very unadorned sounds separate as punk originated at active the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the veto and nightclubs until the bands garnered becoming support to re ceive a record contract.When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands wish well the Ramones, The Clash, The velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike boththing the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musicians part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, unsloped that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punks supplicant was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnt spell out anything too complicated, really (1974). Pun k rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about golf club and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot, extinguish For relaxation, and New Amphetamine Shriek captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam bet to drive the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnt carry over into their own music. Punk, as it was really intended, will neer snuff it commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream husbandry and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV t hat claim to be punk, but the professedly loyal punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, its good music that whitethorn swallow been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.Works CitedA History of Punkhttp//www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm Punkhttp//www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.htmlThe Birth of Punkhttp//www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00 The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fcThe Origination of Punk RockThe time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and its ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listeners cultural background an d their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today.The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract.When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displaye d on the musicians part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punks appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnt write anything too complicated, really (1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot, Kill For Peace, and New Amphetamine Shriek captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnt carry over into their own music. Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, its good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.Works CitedA History of Punkhttp//www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm Punkhttp//www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.htmlThe Birth of Punkhttp//www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00

The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Origination of Punk RockThe time was in the mid-seventies, at that place was a void in the music intentness that needed to be filled. This need for a impertinently sound was aptly filled by cheesy rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on inferior rock and its copious beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, meretricious rock listeners cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the demesne of punk rock today.The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some put it began in London while others say it started out in refreshing York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds categorize as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered nice remain firm to receive a record contract.When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The velvet-textured Underground, The complete(a) Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The S alsoges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had hear before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musicians part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, merely that anyone with fair instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punks appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnt economise anything too complicated, really (1974). Punk rock band s often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about alliance and brotherly norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot, Kill For tranquillity, and New Amphetamine Shriek captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to go through the forefront frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnt carry over into their own music. Punk, as it was really intended, will never exit commercialize and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be bare and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to b e punk, but the true loyal punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, its good music that may conduct been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.Works CitedA History of Punkhttp//www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm Punkhttp//www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.htmlThe Birth of Punkhttp//www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00 The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fcThe Origination of Punk RockThe time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and its ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listeners cultural background and their ideas as a whole, ban ds influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today.The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract.When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musicians part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punks appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnt write anything too complicated, really (1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot, Kill For Peace, and New Amphetamine Shriek captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the m ind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnt carry over into their own music. Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, its good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.Works CitedA History of Punkhttp//www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm Punkhttp//www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.htmlThe Birth of Punkhttp//www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00

Role of Language and Script in Raising the Religious Revivalism

Role of Language and Script in Raising the Religious Revivalism in Colonial Punjab aYESHA TABBASUM The linguistic process played the significant role in the creation of identities among the study communities in pr-parathion India. The Urdu talking to had developed as a common speech communication among all the communities and was, in the absence of a common pietism the North-western Provinces and discordant part other part of the subcontinent. I. H. Qureshi, History of the Pakistan,(BCC& Press Karachi, university of karachi2006) 807.Language Controversy between Urdu and Hindi Although it was religion which was the key defining feature of Islamic identity, the Urdu language was an important symbol. For Hindoos, except for the religious communities, the symbol of religion had to be played down to rescind alienating other major religious communities. However, despite linguistic pluralism, the Hindi language remained an important symbol in the construction of the Hindu identit y for the Hindu community.Tariq Rahman, language and politics in Pakistan,(Karachi, oxford university press 1996) 60 As in compound Punjab Hindu patshalas,which taught mantras and basic knowledge of the shastras, Muslims Quran schools, and Sikhs educational institutions which taught the sacred text of Sikhism, the Granth ,and the Gurumukhi Script of the Punjabi language utilise by Sikhs. The stand read spoken language of uniting India in the British period was referred to interchangeably as Urdu, Hindi.Paul Brass, language, religion and politics in north India (Cambridge Cambridge university press, 1974), 129 But its was written in different hired man as Urdu was written in Iranian helping hand while Hindu community used it in Hindi for general communication purposes was generally written in Devanagri, also known as Nagri. as Urdu was incorporated various Arabic and Persian words while Hindi drew on Sanskrit was cited by Hindu nationalists as proof that Islam was foreign religio n in India and in that respect language should be the language of country.Vickie Langhor, Colonial education system and spread of local religious movements the cases of British Egypt and Punjab,(Cambridge university press,2005) 174 But it was the fact that Urdu language being used by Hindu community of north Indian. Till 1931 many Hindu in colonial Punjab were literate in Urdu instead of Hindi language. Before the section of India, during the colonial Punjab Language and script become the major source of division among the major communities of as Hindus Muslims and Sikhs.Ever since the beginning of the 11th century Northern India was remained under the Muslim rulers. During different periods different Muslims rulers ruled at different times and different dynasties spoke diverse languages as Afghans spoke Pushtu and Turks Turki and the Mughals spoke the Persian, Sikhs of the Punjab A Study of opposition and political mobilization, Dr Sarfraz Khawaja, (Islamabad, Pakistan modern bo ok dept, 1985) 41 As it was the fact that in the period of the later Mughals, Urdu and Persian twain languages were the court languages.When British succeeded the subcontinent they continued the alike languages as the court languages. Shan Muhammad, the growth of Muslim politics in india1900-1919 (New Delhi, shish publishing house, 1991) 35. These languages were understood, also spoke at large scale, but natives languages were also spoke by the native communities as Hindi, Punjabi Pahari Hindustani. In which Urdu and Hindi both languages were the mixture of native and foreign languages Two sides of one coin Hindi Urdu, or Urdu HindiAs Hindi and Urdu were deuce names of one language script differentiate between them it called Urdu when it written in perso-Arabic script (both languages were associated with Muslim community) and when written in the Nagari script (associated with Hindu community) on that point were some lexical and phrasal differences. Yet the two names for one langu age were frequently used for the same language and its literature segmented into parts largely on the basis of script and religions. S.Settar, Indira BaptistaGupta, Pangs of partition vol ?,(new Delhi Manohar publisher,2002. ) 34. Punjabi Hindu community used Urdu language as the language of commerce, journalism and administration. Urdu language was also the major language of literary expression non single in Muslim community in Hindu community as well in British Punjab while Punjabi was the spoken language. Atamjit Singh, The languages divide in Punjab South Asian Graduate Research Journal, 9Achadmic of the Punjab new America) Volume 4, No. , spring 1997 Colonial government language policy in Bihar and its after effects Urdu was mixture of Persian, Arabic and Hindi Punjabi. As this spoken language soon become to be written in the Persian and Arabic languages language. Urdu gained the as official language status after the abolishment of the Persian language in various provinces of the northern India so at 1842 lord Lawrence confirmed that the use of this language (Urdu) is rapidly spreading among all the ranks and is becoming a lingua Franca Abid41Till the 2nd half of the 9th century Urdu not only became a dominate language but also symbol of Muslim influence and power But In 1837 Persian language had been replaced by Indian dictions and Urdu was introduced as the vernacular of the vast tract of country known as Hindustani language, not only in Bihar and NWP and portions of central as well, However governing body did not want personalized Urdu to be used as the vernacular. An order of 19 April 1839 declaredThe pleading and proceedings be recorded in unadorned intelligible Oordoo, and that the natives ministerial officers do not merely alternate a hindoostanee for a Persian verb at the end of sentence Tariq Rahman, language and politics in Pakistan,(Karachi, oxford university press 1996) 62 As various colonial officers discourage again and again Urdu langu age they were in the favor to accepting Hindi as the vernacular language of the Hindustani peoples. The director of public instruction stated in his report Indo-Persian of the courts has no raisondetre except as a remnan and reminiscence of mahomedan reign Abid 62.In 1872 sir Gorge Cambell, Lieutenant Governor of Bihar, approved order in which Urdu replaced by Hindi language in the courts of the province and this order was strictly imposed in 1880 by Sir Ashley Eden. Abid 62. As Hindi language was not pure one language but the blend of the many natives dialects of north India in its widest perspective it could be assumed that Hindi language spoken in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and the Colonial Punjab. Dr Sarfraz Khawaga, Sikhs of the Punjab A study of confrontation and political mobilization, (Islamabad Modern book depot, 1985. 43. As Hindi language had written in Nagari or Devengri script. The Nagri or Devangri alphabet originated sometime in the 11th c entury AD. initially developed to drop a line Sanskrit it later modified to write with several other languages. The name Devangri is made up of two Sanskrit words Deva, which means god, Brahman or celestiai and nagari, which means city. The name is variously translated as script of the city, heavenly/sacred script of the city or script of the city of the god or priests.So for Hindu community Hindi language purged of all Persian and Arabic accretion which served to remind them of Muslim community ascendancy, As Devanagri script had a religious importance for Hindu community since it was the character which Brahmans used and in which Sanskrit books were written. So due to the religious association Hindu community insist to colonial government in various provinces that Urdu written in Persian script must be replaced by the Hindu with its Devanagari script.To fulfill their aim they presented the reason that (Urdu language was an amalgam of Persian and Arabic languages -and it -and it was forced upon us by our antecedent rulersbut it was by no means accepted by the peoples at largeno Hindu gentlemen would ever condescend to educate his female in Urdu language and Persian because the books written in these languages are usually obscene. Report by the north western province and qudh provincial committee of education commission, (1884) , 490. quated by Dr Sarfaz Khawaja op. cit, 72.Pro Hindi script activities of Hindu community and Muslim response Pro Hindi agitation traveled from Bihar to the other provinces due to the two main reasons as first when British replaced the Urdu language with Hindi language this decision provide the courage to the Hindu community due to this decision later Bengali Hindu community started protest in Bengal. Secondly then when Fateh chand established committees to press for Hindi language. Pro-Hindi movement quickly spread in Hindu community of the north colonial Indian.Then pro Hindi agitation travelled from Bihar, Bengal to other pr ovinces such as NWFP. There was quashed manifestation occurred a failure to introduce Devanagari in the colonial Punjab and NWFP. Jaswant Singh, Jinnah India-partition-independence (New Delhi Rupa publisher, 2009. ) 41 Muslim reaction towards Urdu Hindi controversy in colonial Punjab Enforcement of Hindi language became a cause for grievance amongst major religious communities as Hindus and Muslims in various parts of indo-Pak Subcontinent. But in colonial Punjab arose for the very first time in 1882.Paul R. Brass, Language, Religion and Politics in North India (London Cambridge university press,1974),287 The demand of substitute of Hindi language in davanagri script for Urdu in Persian script in colonial Punjab by urban Hindu community was not only cause the Hindu Muslim communal conflict. But pro-Hindi campaign, Devanagri script form Punjabi Hindu community and protective activities of Punjabi Muslim community for Urdu language was pushed the both religious communities to protec t and promote interest of their own communities.

Blood and Thunder: Indians and Manifest Destiny

Perhaps the most striking part of Blood and Thunder is the famed and fabled kit Carson himself. He begins the confine as a duty-driven youth who is able to kill anyone or anything without a sense of remorse, likely because of his experiences with the harshness of life as a child. However, once he begins to have a familya real family, one he raises and takes care of and looks afterhe begins to shift. Carson begins to balk at some killings, level off going so far as to decry the killing of indian warriors at Carletons order.Whether it was the need to take care of his family or the need to take place peace in the face of his more and more failing healthy, Carson provides a look at the changes a man can undergo over the course of his life. He starts as one man, filled with certain ideals and desires, and over the course of his life, his goals and priorities shift. His sense of duty that was instilled in him from his childhood days fails him in his older age, leading him to increasin gly attempt to leave behind the front lines and seek solace at home.This shift in vitrine seems odd when the halt is merely skimmed however, the book structures Carsons life in a way that provides clear understanding of the changes. This was not an abrupt shift, nor was it a conscious one. This change, rather, came as a result of the overall human need to adjust, to shift with the changes that life presented. This change makes Carson truly feel like a real soulfulness, someone who isnt merely a character from a book. It makes Carson human, and thus served to catch my attention.The second part of Blood and Thunder that caught my attention was the conflict between the American mentality and the mentality of the Native Americans who already lived in the area. As is noted throughout the book, the Native Americans could not understand the point behind many of the white traditions that men like Carleton tried to strike upon them. The white ways had no resonance with the Native Americ ans because everything differed between them.The concept of ownership of the land meant cryptograph to the Native Americans because they saw themselves as stewards, caretakers of the land. The concept of Christianity meant nothing to Native Americans because they came from a rich, diverse, usually polytheistic religion that held nothing that mixed with Christianity. The concept of a single spokesperson for an entire race of Native Americans (i. e. for the entire people Navajo, Ute, Kiowa, etc. ) broke the tradition of having spokespeople from many tribes forming a council for the people.This imposition of mentalities on Native Americans caused at least some of the breakdown in communicating however, there were some aspects that the Native Americans chose to learn and accept in order to deal with the white men. Showing their ability for change, the Navajos elect Barboncito, at the end of the book in the epilogue, to serve as their spokesperson to Gen. Sherman. This collaboration bet ween the Navajo need for the separate tribes and the white mens need for a single person to deal with led to the eloquent plea to Sherman that ended with the Navajo returning to their home lands.

Narrative

I have is of when I went to Montreal, Canada, to visit my family on my dads side. It was around the starting signal week of August of 2007, and was my graduation send to Canada. Along with sledding to Montreal, Canada, we also went to Quebec city, Canada, the only city in nitrogen America that has stone walls bordering It. We flew In an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and accordingly we herd from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed In my dads brothers home for the time that we were there.My uncles name Is Charles, and at one time we first arrived at his house, we et his daughter named Felicia, and his two twin sons named Tristan and Zachary. Once we were settled in In their house, we went forth to the midpoint nearby and went shopping. We then went back home to eat the homemade spaghetti that Charles wife, Isabella, had made. After, we decided to have a fashion show for all of the kids of the robes we had bought preferably that day. Later at night, all of the kids got together and slept in one inhabit and played super Moral Brothers over against to each one other on our Nintendo Deeds.During the contiguous play off of days, my family and I also got the chance to explore Quebec city, Canada as well. I got to disclose about the Chateau Forefront, a historic and popular hotel which opened in 1893, and the worlds almost photographed hotel. Quebec metropolis was also fill with fascinating centuries-old architecture and historic sites. While I was there, I saw horse-drawn carriages on the street, street entertainers, and artists working on the street. Also, Quebec City streets were filled with several stores and boutiques that I went to that were filled with souvenirs, paintings, and clothes.At night time, the city was filled with stringed lights, and it was one of the most picturesque places that I have ever moderaten. To conclude, way out to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, and visit my relatives was the happiest memory that I have ever had. I treasured going there so much and meeting my family for the times we spent together, for the things I got to learn, and for the places I go to go to. I havent seen my relatives in Canada or been to Montreal or Quebec City since 2007. Although, this spend, I am going with my family to return there once again and to see my relatives for a long awaited seven year reunion.I will neer forget my trip to Canada In 2007, and I cant Walt to make new memories this summer when I return Narrative By peaches_n_cream it. We flew in an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed in my dads brothers home for the time that we were there. My uncles name is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we Once we were settled in in their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went together and slept in one room and played tops(p) Mario Brothers against each other reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada in 2007, and I cant wait to make newNarrativeI have is of when I went to Montreal, Canada, to visit my family on my dads side. It was around the first week of August of 2007, and was my first trip to Canada. Along with going to Montreal, Canada, we also went to Quebec City, Canada, the only city in North America that has stone walls bordering It. We flew In an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed In my dads brothers home for the time that we were there.My uncles name Is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we et his daughter named Felicia, and his two twin sons named Tristan and Zachary. Once we were settled in In their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went shopping. We then went back home to eat the homemade spaghetti that Charles wife, Isabella, had made. After, we decided to have a fashion show for all of the kids of the clothes we had bought earlier that day. Later at night, all of the kids go t together and slept in one room and played super Moral Brothers against each other on our Nintendo Deeds.During the next couple of days, my family and I also got the chance to explore Quebec City, Canada as well. I got to learn about the Chateau Forefront, a historic and popular hotel which opened in 1893, and the worlds most photographed hotel. Quebec City was also filled with fascinating centuries-old architecture and historic sites. While I was there, I saw horse-drawn carriages on the street, street entertainers, and artists working on the street. Also, Quebec City streets were filled with several stores and boutiques that I went to that were filled with souvenirs, paintings, and clothes.At night time, the city was filled with stringed lights, and it was one of the most picturesque places that I have ever seen. To conclude, going to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, and visiting my relatives was the happiest memory that I have ever had. I treasured going there so much and meeti ng my family for the times we spent together, for the things I got to learn, and for the places I go to go to. I havent seen my relatives in Canada or been to Montreal or Quebec City since 2007. Although, this summer, I am going with my family to return there once again and to see my relatives for a long awaited seven year reunion.I will never forget my trip to Canada In 2007, and I cant Walt to make new memories this summer when I return Narrative By peaches_n_cream it. We flew in an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed in my dads brothers home for the time that we were there. My uncles name is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we Once we were settled in in their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went together and slept in one room and played Super Mario Brothers against each other reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada in 2007, and I cant wait to make newNarrativeI have is of when I went to Montreal, Canada, to visit my family on my dads side. It was around the first week of August of 2007, and was my first trip to Canada. Along with going to Montreal, Canada, we also went to Quebec City, Canada, the only city in North America that has stone walls bordering It. We flew In an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed In my dads brothers home for the time that we were there.My uncles name Is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we et his daughter named Felicia, and his two twin sons named Tristan and Zachary. Once we were settled in In their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went shopping. We then went back home to eat the homemade spaghetti that Charles wife, Isabella, had made. After, we decided to have a fashion show for all of the kids of the clothes we had bought earlier that day. Later at night, all of the kids got together and slept in one room and played super Moral Broth ers against each other on our Nintendo Deeds.During the next couple of days, my family and I also got the chance to explore Quebec City, Canada as well. I got to learn about the Chateau Forefront, a historic and popular hotel which opened in 1893, and the worlds most photographed hotel. Quebec City was also filled with fascinating centuries-old architecture and historic sites. While I was there, I saw horse-drawn carriages on the street, street entertainers, and artists working on the street. Also, Quebec City streets were filled with several stores and boutiques that I went to that were filled with souvenirs, paintings, and clothes.At night time, the city was filled with stringed lights, and it was one of the most picturesque places that I have ever seen. To conclude, going to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, and visiting my relatives was the happiest memory that I have ever had. I treasured going there so much and meeting my family for the times we spent together, for the things I got to learn, and for the places I go to go to. I havent seen my relatives in Canada or been to Montreal or Quebec City since 2007. Although, this summer, I am going with my family to return there once again and to see my relatives for a long awaited seven year reunion.I will never forget my trip to Canada In 2007, and I cant Walt to make new memories this summer when I return Narrative By peaches_n_cream it. We flew in an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed in my dads brothers home for the time that we were there. My uncles name is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we Once we were settled in in their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went together and slept in one room and played Super Mario Brothers against each other reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada in 2007, and I cant wait to make new

TCS FInancial Statement analysis

Major Sources of Revenue a) Revenue from trading operations accounts for 98% of the total revenue of the steadfastly and consists of the revenues from the infra categories Information technology and consultancy services contributes 97% of the total revenue from operations Sale of equipment and software lilicenses contributes 3% of the total revenue from operations b) different Income accounts for approximately 2% of the total revenue of the firm and consists of the revenues from the below major categories entertain Income Contributes to 81. 0% of the total revenue from other income 73% of the Interest income comes from Interest on situate & Interest on long term Bonds & Debentures. 25% of the Interest income comes from Inter-Corporate deposits. Profit from Sale of mutual storages and other current Investments Contributes to 0. 57% of the total revenue from other income Major Expenses a) Employee benefit expenses consumes 35. 78% of the total operations revenue and consists of the below categories Salaries and incentives accounts for 87. 57% of the total employee benefits expense Contributions to Provident fund & pension Superannuation/Gratuity etc.Staff welfare expenses. b)B trading operations and other Expenses consumes 32. 11% of the total operations revenue and consists of the below major categories Overseas business expenses accounts for 43. 4 % of the total trading operations and other Expenses Services rendered y business associates and others accounts for 18. 42% of the total Operations and other Expenses hardware and material costs Software, accounts for 1 1 the total Operations and other Expenses (c) Tax expenses consume 7. 27% of the total operations revenue (d) Dividend on equity shares and appraise thereon for fiscal 2014 accounts increased by 40% family on Year (7058. 2 crscoresiscal 2014) Major Uses of funds a) money And Bank remnants accounts for 21. 51% of the total Non-Current Investments and Current assets. ships comp each has increased the immediate payment and Bank balances signifi washstandtly in fiscal 2014. Horizontal compend on the Balance Sheet for gold and Bank Balances shows a Year on Year harvest-home of 113. 34% for fiscal 2014. b)BPurchase of Fixed Assets The Company has been investing in infrastructure development across various locations in India to meet its growing business needs. Additions to the swinish block in fiscal 2014 amounted to 2,284. 7 crscoresHorizontal analysis on the Balance Sheet for fixed assets shows a Year on Year harvest-tide of 28. 27% for fiscal 2014. c)CNon-Current Investments Company has increased the Non-Current Investments signifi basintly in fiscal 2014. Horizontal analysis on the Balance Sheet for Non-Current Investments shows Year on Year growing of 134. 97% for fiscal 2014. d)DLong Term Loans & Advances accounts for 10. 85% of the total Non-Current Investments and Current assets. e)EShort-term loans and advances accounts for 6. 2% of the total Non-Current Question 2 Perform a horizontal and vertical analysis on the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account and comment on any significant changes that you observe over the in the end 2 years. AnNASPlease bear on the attached excel sheet for arriving at the below conclusions a) Profit & Loss statement Significant observations on Horizontal analysis. Net Profit After tax for fiscal 2014 shows a Year on Year appendage of 37. 70%. Net Profit After tax nearly doubled when compared with Fiscal 2012. EPPEPSEarnings per Share) as well show consistent growth in the last few Fiscal years.EPPEPShows a Year on Year increase by 37. 58% in Fiscal 2014 Finance Cost for Fiscal 2014 has decreased significantly by 20%. Tax for Fiscal 2014 has increased significantly by 51% Year on Year. Profit & Loss statement Significant observations on Vertical analysis. Despite a significant increase in the Employee base we find that Employee Expenses s a % of revenue remained uninterrupted around 35% in the las t few Fiscal years Total Expenses as a % of revenue remained constant around 70% in the last few Fiscal years Total Tax as percentage of revenue, increased from 6. 37% in fiscal 2013 to 7. 2% b) Balance Sheet Significant observations on Horizontal analysis. Non- Current liabilities shows a Year on Year growth of ofof4. 64% in Fiscal 2014. Fixed assets shows a Year on Year growth of 28. 27% in Fiscal 2014 Current liabilities shows a Year on Year growth of 34. 33% in Fiscal 2014. Reserves and Surplus shows a Year on Year growth of 27. 76% in Fiscal 2014. Share nifty shows a Year on Year negative growth of 33. 76% in Fiscal 2014. Current assets shows a Year on Year growth of 36. 62% in Fiscal 2014. Long Term borrowings shows a Year on Year negative growth of 2. 4% in Fiscal 2014. Balance Sheet Significant observations on Vertical analysis. Cash and bank balances as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets increased from 12. 97% Fiscal 2013 to 21. 51% Fiscal 2014. Non-Current Inv estments as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets has been increasing steadily in the last few Fiscals. Short-term loans and advances as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets eccreasedrom 10. 81% in Fiscal 2013 to 6. 42% in Fiscal 2014. Goodwill as a % of the total Assets excluding fixed assets decreased from 6. 86% in Fiscal 2013 to 3. 7% Fiscal 2014. Question 3 Scrutinize the Notes to Accounts and narration on Significant Accounting Policies and check for any deviations in accounting policy over the last year with respect to major items. AnNASThere were no deviations with respect to significant accounting policies. However TCTTSdopted a new hedge accounting principle under the below category. a)AForeign currency forward, option and futures contracts TCTTSnters into contradictory currency forward, option and futures contracts to manage its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, in accordance with its hazard management policies.With effect from January 1, 2014, the Company has adopted hedge accounting principles in line with International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (referred to as IFFIRS), which align more closely with the Companys risk management policy. The change has resulted in a reduction of 4. 76 crscoresn profit before tax in fiscal 2014. Question 4 Examine the Statement of Cash Flows for the last 2 years and point out the following ) Major sources and Uses of bills Sources -Operations Cash generated from operations, post adjustments to profit before tax, has gone up from 16,436. 77 crscoresn fiscal 2013 to 21,795. 4 crscoresn fiscal 2014, registering a growth of 32. 60% over the previous fiscal. -Income from Interest InInterestn funds invested went up by 71. 22%, from 798. 80 crscoresn fiscal 2013 to 1367. 72 Uses crscoresn fiscal 2014. During fiscal 2014, the significant uses of hard currency were Acquisition of French Company AlAlit. A. foFor52. 41 crscoresPayment of Dividend & dividend tax for 5,489. 54 CrScoresurchase of fixed assets Increase in inter-corporate deposits Investment in fixed deposit. Pay Taxes amounting to 7,043. 63 CrScoresover Working Capital expenditures (b) Were the cash flows from operations greater than or less than net income?Explain in detail the major reason for the differences in these 2 figures. For Fiscal 2014, by referring to the Consolidated financial statements we get the below fgfiguresNet Cash provided by from Operating activities = 14751. 41 CrScoreset Profit for the year = 19163. 87 crscoresnNASNet Cash provided by from operating activities is less the net income. Explanation Working Capital fgfiguresnder the categories below are the major reasons for reducing the Net Cash value provided by from operating activities below the net income. ) Unbilled Revenue (811. 60) CrScores) Trade Receivables (4015. 80) CrScoresc) Was the firm able to generate enough cash from its operations to be able to pay for all its capital expenditures? For Fiscal 2014, by referring to the Consolidated financial statements we can arrive at the below table. Net Cash provided by/Used in Fiscal 2014 Fiscal 2013 Operating activities 14,751. 41 11,614. 96 Investing activities (9,667. 08) (6,085. 66) Financing activities 5,673. 24) (5,729. 48) Exchange difference on translation of foreign currency 21 5. 41 48. 5 Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents after translation (373. 50) (152. 13) Purchase of fixed assets accounted for (3126. 15) CrScoresf the Net Cash of (9,667. 08) crscoressed in investing activities. From the above table we can clearly infer that the company generated enough cash from Operating activities to fund the capital expenditures on its own. (d) Did the cash flow from operations cover both the capital expenditures and payment of dividend, if any? AnNASDividend paid accounted for (5480. 7) CrScoresf the Net Cash of (5673. 24) crscoressed in financing activities.From the above table we can clearly infer that the company generated enough cas h from Operating activities to fund both capital expenditures & payment of dividends on its own. (e) How did your firm invest its excess cash (if any)? Cash flow statement from Investing Activities indicate that the excess cash that remains after investing and financing is mamajoraintained in Short-term bank deposits. From the Cash Flow Statements we can see that Short Term deposits increased from 4911. 46 crscoresn Fiscal 2013 to 12948. 9 CrScoresn Fiscal 2014. This accounts for a significant growth of 163%. g)GAre there any other unusual / extraordinary items of cash inflow / outflow? AnNASCash outflow due to Taxes Cash Flow Statements indicate a significant increase in Taxes for Tax for Fiscal 2014. Taxes have increased significantly by 46% Year on Year. By referring to Management Discussion & Analysis & Notes forming consolidated statements we can infer that company has paid (1) Additional tax of 2,129. 82 crscoresaid by TCTTStd on its higher income for the year and (2) 92. 00 c rscoresf higher tax on dividend received y TCTTStd from its overseas subsidiaries.